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91.
Jürg Andreas Stückelberger Hans Rudolf Heinimann Edouard Charles Burlet 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(4):377-390
Cost estimation is probably the most decisive factor in the process of computer-aided, preliminary planning for low-volume road networks. However, the cost of construction is normally assumed to be route-independent for a specific project area, resulting in sub-optimal layouts. This is especially true for mountainous terrain and in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, we present a model for more accurately estimating spatial variability in road life-cycle costs, based on terrain surface properties as well as geological properties of the subsoil. This parametric model incorporates four structural components: embankment, retaining structures, pavement, and drainage and stream-crossing structures. It is linked to a geo-database that allows users to derive location-specific parameter values as input. In applying this model, we have demonstrated that variability in costs ranges widely for mountainous areas, with the most expensive construction being approximately five times greater there than on more favorable sites. This variability strongly affects the optimal layout of a road network. First, when location-specific slope gradients are considered, costs are reduced by about 17% from those calculated via currently available engineering practices; when both slope gradient and geotechnical formations are included, those costs are decreased by about 20%. Second, the length of the road network is increased by about 4% and 10% respectively, compared with current practices. 相似文献
92.
Bill Slee 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):1-17
The nature of private forestry in the UK as an economic activity is changing, with increasing ‘public good’ demands being
placed on forest owners, with or without compensation from government. Although the motives for owning woodland are weakly
researched, it is evident that amenity and recreational interests rather than formal productive economic activity are a major
force in influencing woodland purchase and may well be a dominant force in woodland management over many parts of the UK.
Recent research suggests a need for recognition of the high value of the public goods and, in particular, recognition of their
high levels of spatial variability, whilst recognising that the public good — private good dualism is an oversimplification
of the actual situation. New policy instruments are currently being implemented in various parts of the UK by devolved governments,
and their capacity to both remediate market failure and address the needs of forest owners is considered. Their voluntary
character and the preferences of forest owners may seriously constrain the optimal delivery of public goods. Further, existing
policy instruments may be seen as insufficiently geographically targeted to areas where the greatest social benefits could
be anticipated from policy-induced improvements in public good values. 相似文献
93.
菊叶薯蓣组织培养及快速繁殖 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
菊叶薯蓣组织培养以大田栽培苗地上部分幼嫩茎段作外植体。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA0.5~2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.5mg·L-1,每个过程均培养30d,每节段增殖2~3倍,生根率为85%以上。移栽基质为土壤∶珍珠岩(1∶3),遮光率为80%,保持较高湿度,每7d喷施1/2MS无机盐,1个月后成活率可达60%~80%。 相似文献
94.
95.
多花相思的组织培养和快速繁殖 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
用多花相思茎段作外植体,采用在木本植物茎叶组培材料上经常采用的3种消毒方法,以及前人已在相思类植物营养器官组培上取得成功的4种芽诱导培养基、芽增殖培养基和生根培养基进行对比试验。结果表明,材料消毒以1/800灭菌净10 min+75%酒精50 s+0.1%HgCl25 min处理效果最好;芽诱导和芽增殖都以改良MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.2效果最好;生根效果最好的培养基是1/2MS+IBA1.0。 相似文献
96.
97.
厚荚相思组培育苗试验 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以引种的厚荚相思优树萌芽条为材料进行组织培养快速繁殖试验,结果表明:适合厚荚相思外殖体诱导的培养基为改良MS+BA0 3~0 5mg·L-1+KT0 1~0 5mg·L-1,适合继代增殖培养基为改良MS+BA1 0~1 5mg·L-1+KT1 0~1 5mg·L-1,生根培养基为改良1/2MS+NAA0 5mg·L-1,试管苗的生根率达95%以上。 相似文献
98.
豆科树种目前已广泛应用于荒山绿化、饲用及观赏。文中从扦插(嫩枝扦插、硬枝扦插、根插),组织培养等方面综述了豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术的研究和进展。指出目前豆科树种嫩枝扦插技术研究还局限在对某一树种繁殖途径的探索阶段;硬枝扦插技术研究较为系统和深入,对不同树种扦插生根的影响因素有了比较深入的了解,并因此建立起较为成熟的技术体系;根插方法简单,成活率高,但是研究普遍较少;豆科树种组织培养虽较为困难,但某些树种也已经建立起了较为完善的再生体系。此外,还对豆科树种快速繁殖的生理基础研究进行了讨论,建议加大对豆科树种快速繁殖技术和生理机制的研究力度,为解决优良种质资源快速扩繁奠定基础。 相似文献
99.
100.
Tissue culture micropropagation of Douglas-fir 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A procedure was developed for plantlet production from embryos of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. The Medium for Conifer Morphogenesis, used at full strength, and supplemented with 10 M benzyladenine for 17 days produced an average of 6.8 shoots on more than 90% of the embryos. The percentage of shoot-forming embryos as well as the average number of shoots per embryo varied significantly among eight seedlots. For secondary multiplication, 89% of the adventitious shoots produced axillary buds on MCM with 5 M benzyladenine. However, 0.5 M BA was more suitable for the elongation of axillaries. Rooting ranged from 0–87% depending upon the treatment. The highest percentage was obtained with a 7-week incubation in peat:perlite containing 1/5-strength medium, 1% sucrose and 2.7 M naphthaleneacetic acid, followed by 5 weeks on peat:perlite with 1/5-strength major and minor salts, full iron and organics, 1% sucrose and 0.1% charcoal. 相似文献